How to Create Data Groups Using PROC FORMAT in SAS: Real-World Examples

Problem/Requirement -

Lets Suppose, We have Data in Numbers which could be range from 100 to 10000
now we want to create Groups of Each 100 Values, like below - 

Lets See with the Example | The Power of the FORMAT Procedure - 

/*This code will Generate some Numbers between 100 and 10000 to Get the Practice Dataset */

Data A;

Num=100;

Do while(Num<10000);

output;

Num=Num+54;

end;

Run;

Proc Print Data=A;

Run;

Now we want to Group it in as per given in Requirement 

/* This Code will Genrate FMTName (Format Name), Start(Starting Number of Group), End(Ending Number of Group), Label(Group name for Numbers between Start and End Values)

*/

Data B;

Retain FMTName "Group";

Start=100;

i=1;

Do until(End>=10000);

End=Start+99;

Label=compbl("Group"||i);

Output;

Start=End+1;

i=i+1;

end;

drop i;

run;

Proc Print Data=B;

Run;

Now if we need to create a User Defined Format -

/* This wil create a format for Above created B Dataset with Format Name "Group", PROC FORMAT with the CNTLIN= option is to build the formats from the imported control data set */

Proc Format CNTLIN=B;

Run; 

/*Lets see how it will print A Dataset if we apply Newly create Group format to Variable Num */

Proc Print Data=A;
Format Num Group.;

run; 

/* If we want Actual Number and the Group name both the things then we can do it like this */

Data C;

Set A;

GroupName=Put(Num,Group.);

run;

/*Here we created a new Variable Group name and Copy value of Num with Group format, For this we used PUT Function */

Proc Print Data=C;

Run;

I Hope you like this Article, please comment if you have any doubt or question.

Thank you

Understanding NOOBS, OBS=, N, and N in SAS Programming

When working with datasets in SAS, it's important to control data processing and output efficiently. SAS provides several options and automatic variables that help manage how data is read, processed, and displayed. In this post, we’ll explore four commonly used features:

• NOOBS option in PROC PRINT
• OBS= system option
• _N_ automatic variable
• N option in PROC MEANS or PROC FREQ

Let’s understand each with examples.

Use of NOOBS  

It is used for Suppress column which tells the row/observation number in Proc print.

Example - See both outputs with NOOBS and without NOOBS

Proc Print Data=SASHELP.CARS;
WHERE MAKE='Audi';
RUN;

Proc Print Data=SASHELP.CARS NOOBS;
WHERE MAKE='Audi';

RUN;

OBS= System Option

The OBS= option limits the number of observations that SAS reads from a dataset.

Syntax:

options obs=5;

Example:

options obs=5;

proc print data=sashelp.class;

run;

 Use of OBS  and N options - 

OBS option give the Actual row number from the original dataset, for example in below code output, row number starts from 8 because First row of Audi car in source dataset is available at 8th position

Proc PRINT data=SASHELP.cars N OBS;
where Make='Audi';
run;

N Option gives the Total count of observation in dataset.

Use of _N_ 

As I already explained in  my previous post for PDV - there are two automatic variables are being created in datastep these are - _N_ and _ERROR_

_N_ counts the Number of times Datastep begin to execute.

For Example - if we want to print the top 10 rows of any dataset - 

data test;
set SASHELP.CARS;
N=_N_;
if _n_<=10;

run;

Summary Table

Feature	Usage	Purpose
NOOBS	In PROC PRINT	Hide observation numbers in output
OBS=	Global system option	Limit records read from datasets
_N_	In DATA steps	Count iteration, control row logic
N	In summary procedures	Display count of non-missing values

---

Final Thoughts

These options and variables are small but powerful tools in a SAS programmer’s toolkit. Whether you're generating cleaner reports with NOOBS, testing code with OBS=, controlling logic with _N_, or summarizing data using N, understanding their usage can significantly enhance your efficiency in SAS.